Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Graphene-Based Nanosystem for Targeted Delivery of Anti-Sense miRNA-21 on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms27020975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell viability of HepG2 cells after treatment with graphene oxide, antisense miRNA-21 and GO–antisense miRNA-21 nanosystems. ( A ) Viability (%) after 24 h exposure to increasing concentrations of GO (5–50 µg/mL), measured by MTT assay, untreated cells were used as control. ( B ) Analysis of cell viability after 24 h following treatment with GO (10 µg/mL), antisense miRNA-21 (5 pmol/mL), and GO–antisense miRNA-21 (10 µg/mL GO + 5 pmol/mL antisense). Data are expressed as percentage relative to untreated control cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Asterisks indicate statistical significance: **** p < 0.0001. Horizontal lines above bars indicate the groups being compared. Abbreviation: Electroporation CTR: electroporation control.

Article Snippet: HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells (ATCC ® HB-8065TM) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Control, Electroporation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Graphene-Based Nanosystem for Targeted Delivery of Anti-Sense miRNA-21 on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms27020975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of cellular uptake efficiency of GO, antisense miRNA-21, and GO–antisense miRNA-21 nanosystems in HepG2 cells. ( A ) Flow cytometry analysis of HepG2 cells treated with FITC-labeled GO, antisense miRNA-21, and GO–antisense miRNA-21 for 24 h. The x-axis represents FITC fluorescence intensity, corresponding to the intracellular uptake level of the labeled constructs. Fluorescence intensity was measured to determine the proportion of FITC-positive cells. ( B ) Confocal microscopy imaging of FITC-labeled (green color) constructs in HepG2 cells after 24 h incubation. Cells were counterstained with DAPI (nuclei- blue color) and ActinRed (cytoskeleton-red color). Scale bar: 50 µm. ( C ) Quantitative analysis by flow cytometry showing the percentage of FITC-positive cells after treatment with GO, antisense miRNA-21, and the GO-antisense complex. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells (ATCC ® HB-8065TM) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Labeling, Fluorescence, Construct, Confocal Microscopy, Imaging, Incubation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Graphene-Based Nanosystem for Targeted Delivery of Anti-Sense miRNA-21 on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijms27020975

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of miRNA expression and pro-inflammatory and tumor-related gene expression in HepG2 cells. ( A ) Transcriptional levels of miRNA-21 in untreated HepG2 cells and in cells treated with GO (10 µg/mL) and with Antisense miRNA-21 (5 pmol/mL) for 24 h. ( B ) Transcriptional levels of IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, TIMP-2 and NF-κB in HepG2 cells. The cells were untreated and treated with GO (10 µg/mL) and GO-antisense miRNA-21 (GO 10 µg/mL + antisense miRNA-21 5 pmol/mL) for 24 h. After, the cells were collected for total RNA extraction. The transcriptional levels of the considered genes were analyzed by calculating the value of 2 −ΔΔCt . The assay was performed in triplicate ± SD and expressed as a fold change over the housekeeping genes. **** p < 0.0001; *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells (ATCC ® HB-8065TM) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Gene Expression, RNA Extraction

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Novel diazenyl chalcones with a 2-arylidene hydrazineylidene thiazole moiety: synthesis, anticancer potential, spectroscopic characterisation, and molecular docking studies

doi: 10.1039/d5ra07769a

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fluorescent microscopy analysis of HepG2 cells treated with synthetic compounds (4–6a,b) and stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB).

Article Snippet: Normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF), the human breast cancer epithelial cell line (MDA), and the human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) were purchased from VACCERA Egypt and obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Microscopy, Staining

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Novel diazenyl chalcones with a 2-arylidene hydrazineylidene thiazole moiety: synthesis, anticancer potential, spectroscopic characterisation, and molecular docking studies

doi: 10.1039/d5ra07769a

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Microscopic view of the cell migration inhibition assay of the HepG2 cell line after 48 hours. (B) Quantitative analysis of the wound area by calculating the wound closure percentage and migration rate after 48 hours, compared to the initial time (0 hours). (C) Relative fold change in the gene expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cells treated with synthetic compounds (4–6a,b) in HepG-2. All assays were conducted in triplicate, and the results are expressed as mean ± SEM. MMP: matrix metalloproteinase.

Article Snippet: Normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF), the human breast cancer epithelial cell line (MDA), and the human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) were purchased from VACCERA Egypt and obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Migration, Inhibition, Gene Expression

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Novel diazenyl chalcones with a 2-arylidene hydrazineylidene thiazole moiety: synthesis, anticancer potential, spectroscopic characterisation, and molecular docking studies

doi: 10.1039/d5ra07769a

Figure Lengend Snippet: Structure–activity relationship (SAR) of the synthesised azo derivatives (4–6a,b) showing the effect of aromatic substitution on cytotoxic selectivity. Selectivity index (SI) values against MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cells relative to WI-38 normal cells are shown.

Article Snippet: Normal human skin fibroblasts (HSF), the human breast cancer epithelial cell line (MDA), and the human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) were purchased from VACCERA Egypt and obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: mSphere

Article Title: Plasmodium DNA ligase I is essential for parasite blood- and liver-stage development

doi: 10.1128/msphere.00674-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pb Lig1 is essential for parasite development in the liver. ( A ) HepG2 cells were infected with either UIS4/Flp or Pb Lig1 cKO sporozoites. Infected cultures were fixed at the indicated time points post-infection and immunostained with an anti-UIS4 antibody to visualize EEFs. ( B ) EEF area was comparable at 24 hpi ( P = 0.2500) and 36 hpi ( P = 0.1840), but was significantly reduced in Pb Lig1 cKO parasites at 55 hpi (**** P < 0.0001). Data represent the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. ( C ) Quantification of EEF numbers at 24, 36, and 55 hpi revealed no significant differences between UIS4/Flp and Pb Lig1 cKO parasites (24 hpi, P = 0.6063; 36 hpi, P = 0.9036; 55 hpi, P = 0.9929; one-way ANOVA).

Article Snippet: Human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells (ATCC) were used for in vitro infection of sporozoites.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: mSphere

Article Title: Plasmodium DNA ligase I is essential for parasite blood- and liver-stage development

doi: 10.1128/msphere.00674-25

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pb Lig1 is essential for nuclear division and merozoite development. ( A ) HepG2 cells infected with UIS4/Flp or Pb Lig1 cKO sporozoites were fixed at 62 hpi and immunostained with anti-UIS4 and anti-MSP1 antibodies. UIS4/Flp parasites exhibited robust MSP1 staining, indicative of merozoite formation, whereas Pb Lig1 cKO parasites lacked MSP1 signal, suggesting a block in merozoite development. ( B ) Quantification of nuclear number at 55 hpi. Nuclei were manually counted in ImageJ-analyzed images. Pb Lig1 cKO EEFs displayed a significantly reduced number of nuclei compared to UIS4/Flp (**** P < 0.0001, unpaired t -test). ( C ) Quantification of DNA content using Hoechst 33342 staining at 36 hpi and 55 hpi. UIS4/Flp and Pb Lig1 cKO EEFs were fixed and immunostained with anti-UIS4 and anti-MSP1 antibodies. Nuclear DNA within the PV was quantified by calculating corrected total cell fluorescence (CTCF) from Hoechst signal. Data represent 43 (UIS4/Flp 36 hpi), 47 ( Pb Lig1 cKO 36 hpi), 60 (UIS4/Flp 55 hpi), and 60 ( Pb Lig1 cKO 55 hpi) individual EEFs. No significant difference in CTCF was observed at 36 hpi ( P = 0.0693), while a significant reduction was detected in Pb Lig1 cKO parasites at 55 hpi (**** P < 0.0001, unpaired t -test), n.s., not significant. Data are shown as mean ± SD from two independent biological replicates.

Article Snippet: Human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells (ATCC) were used for in vitro infection of sporozoites.

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Blocking Assay, Fluorescence